Python Multi-Step Tasks
RULE #1: Each python() call starts fresh — NO state carries over
Variables, imports, data from previous calls DO NOT EXIST. This is the #1 source of NameError.
DEFAULT STRATEGY: Write a complete .py script to a file, then run it.
pythonwith open('/app/solve.py', 'w') as f: f.write('''#!/usr/bin/env python3 import numpy as np # ALL logic in one file data = np.load("/app/data.npy") result = process(data) with open("/app/answer.txt","w") as out: out.write(str(result)) ''')
Then: bash("python3 /app/solve.py && cat /app/answer.txt")
If you must use multiple python() calls:
- Save state to files between calls:
pythonimport json, numpy as np # Save: json.dump(obj, open('/tmp/state.json','w')) # Save: np.save('/tmp/arr.npy', array) # Load: obj = json.load(open('/tmp/state.json'))
- Every call MUST re-import and re-load — never reference prior variables
- NameError = forgot to re-define — add missing definitions, don't just re-run
HuggingFace Datasets + Token Counting (ONE call)
pythonfrom datasets import load_dataset from transformers import AutoTokenizer ds = load_dataset("org/name", split="train") tok = AutoTokenizer.from_pretrained("model-name") total = sum(len(tok.encode(r["text"])) for r in ds if r["domain"] == "science") with open("/app/answer.txt","w") as f: f.write(str(total))
For iterative exploration, keep blocks self-contained
python# Each block: imports + load + process + print import pandas as pd df = pd.read_csv('f.csv') print(df.describe())
Verification
- Print/cat output files BEFORE submitting
- Confirm formats match expected schema exactly
