Svelte5 Runes Static

Svelte 5 Runes with adapter-static (SvelteKit)

Overview

Build static-first SvelteKit applications with Svelte 5 runes without breaking hydration. Apply these patterns when using adapter-static (prerendering) and combining global stores with component-local runes.

Related Skills

• svelte (Svelte 5 runes core patterns)
• sveltekit (adapters, deployment, SSR/SSG patterns)
• typescript-core (TypeScript patterns and validation)
• vitest (unit testing patterns)

Core Expertise

Building static-first Svelte 5 applications using runes mode with proper state management patterns that survive prerendering and hydration.

Critical Compatibility Rules

❌ NEVER: Runes in Module Scope with adapter-static

Problem: Runes don't hydrate properly after static prerendering

typescriptCopy code
// ❌ BROKEN - State becomes frozen after SSG
export function createStore() {
  let state = $state({ count: 0 });
  return {
    get count() { return state.count; },
    increment: () => { state.count++; }
  };
}

Why it fails:

• adapter-static prerenders components to HTML
• Runes in module scope don't serialize/deserialize
• State becomes inert/frozen after hydration
• Reactivity completely breaks

Solution: Use traditional writable() stores for global state

typescriptCopy code
// ✅ WORKS - Traditional stores hydrate correctly
import { writable } from 'svelte/store';

export function createStore() {
  const count = writable(0);
  return {
    count,
    increment: () => count.update(n => n + 1)
  };
}

❌ NEVER: $ Auto-subscription Inside $derived

Problem: Runes mode disables $ auto-subscription syntax

typescriptCopy code
// ❌ BROKEN - Can't use $ inside $derived
let filtered = $derived($events.filter(e => e.type === 'info'));
//                      ^^^^^^^ Error: $ not available in runes mode

Solution: Subscribe in $effect() → update $state() → use in $derived()

typescriptCopy code
// ✅ WORKS - Manual subscription pattern
import { type Writable } from 'svelte/store';

let events = $state<Event[]>([]);

$effect(() => {
  const unsub = eventsStore.subscribe(value => {
    events = value;
  });
  return unsub;
});

let filtered = $derived(events.filter(e => e.type === 'info'));

❌ NEVER: Store Factory with Getters

Problem: Getters don't establish reactive connections

typescriptCopy code
// ❌ BROKEN - Getter pattern breaks reactivity
export function createSocketStore() {
  const socket = writable<Socket | null>(null);
  return {
    get socket() { return socket; }, // ❌ Not reactive
    connect: () => { /* ... */ }
  };
}

Solution: Export stores directly

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// ✅ WORKS - Direct store exports
export function createSocketStore() {
  const socket = writable<Socket | null>(null);
  const isConnected = derived(socket, $s => $s?.connected ?? false);

  return {
    socket,          // ✅ Direct store reference
    isConnected,     // ✅ Direct derived reference
    connect: () => { /* ... */ }
  };
}

Recommended Hybrid Pattern

Global State: Traditional Stores

Use writable()/derived() for state that needs to survive SSG/SSR:

typescriptCopy code
// stores/globalState.ts
import { writable, derived } from 'svelte/store';

export const user = writable<User | null>(null);
export const theme = writable<'light' | 'dark'>('light');
export const isAuthenticated = derived(user, $u => $u !== null);

Component State: Svelte 5 Runes

Use runes for component-local state and logic:

typescriptCopy code
<script lang="ts">
import { user } from '$lib/stores/globalState';

// Props with runes
let {
  initialCount = 0,
  onUpdate = () => {}
}: {
  initialCount?: number;
  onUpdate?: (count: number) => void;
} = $props();

// Bridge: Store → Rune State
let currentUser = $state<User | null>(null);
$effect(() => {
  const unsub = user.subscribe(u => {
    currentUser = u;
  });
  return unsub;
});

// Component-local state
let count = $state(initialCount);
let doubled = $derived(count * 2);

// Effects
$effect(() => {
  if (count > 10) {
    onUpdate(count);
  }
});

function increment() {
  count++;
}
</script>

<button onclick={increment}>
  {currentUser?.name ?? 'Guest'}: {count} (×2 = {doubled})
</button>

Complete Bridge Pattern

Store → Rune → Derived Chain

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<script lang="ts">
import { type Writable } from 'svelte/store';

// 1. Import global stores (traditional)
const { events: eventsStore, filters: filtersStore } = myGlobalStore;

// 2. Bridge to rune state
let events = $state<Event[]>([]);
let activeFilters = $state<string[]>([]);

$effect(() => {
  const unsubEvents = eventsStore.subscribe(v => { events = v; });
  const unsubFilters = filtersStore.subscribe(v => { activeFilters = v; });

  return () => {
    unsubEvents();
    unsubFilters();
  };
});

// 3. Derived computations (pure runes)
let filtered = $derived(
  events.filter(e =>
    activeFilters.length === 0 ||
    activeFilters.includes(e.category)
  )
);

let count = $derived(filtered.length);
let hasEvents = $derived(count > 0);
</script>

{#if hasEvents}
  <p>Found {count} events</p>
  {#each filtered as event}
    <EventCard {event} />
  {/each}
{:else}
  <p>No events match filters</p>
{/if}

SSG/SSR Considerations

Prerender-Safe Patterns

typescriptCopy code
// ✅ Safe for prerendering
export const load = async ({ fetch }) => {
  const data = await fetch('/api/data').then(r => r.json());
  return { data };
};

svelteCopy code
<script lang="ts">
import { browser } from '$app/environment';

let { data } = $props();

// ✅ Client-only initialization
$effect(() => {
  if (browser) {
    // WebSocket, localStorage, etc.
    initializeClientOnlyFeatures();
  }
});
</script>

Hydration Mismatch Prevention

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// ✅ Avoid hydration mismatches
let timestamp = $state<number | null>(null);

$effect(() => {
  if (browser) {
    timestamp = Date.now(); // Only set on client
  }
});

svelteCopy code
<!-- ✅ Conditional rendering for client-only content -->
{#if browser}
  <LiveClock />
{:else}
  <p>Loading clock...</p>
{/if}

TypeScript Integration

Typed Props with Runes

typescriptCopy code
<script lang="ts">
import type { Snippet } from 'svelte';

interface Props {
  title: string;
  count?: number;
  items: Array<{ id: string; name: string }>;
  onSelect?: (id: string) => void;
  children?: Snippet;
}

let {
  title,
  count = 0,
  items,
  onSelect = () => {},
  children
}: Props = $props();

let selected = $state<string | null>(null);
let filteredItems = $derived(
  items.filter(item =>
    selected === null || item.id === selected
  )
);
</script>

<h2>{title} ({count})</h2>

{#each filteredItems as item}
  <button onclick={() => onSelect(item.id)}>
    {item.name}
  </button>
{/each}

{@render children?.()}

Typed Store Bridges

typescriptCopy code
<script lang="ts">
import type { Writable, Readable } from 'svelte/store';

interface StoreShape {
  data: Writable<string[]>;
  status: Readable<'loading' | 'ready' | 'error'>;
}

const stores: StoreShape = getMyStores();

let data = $state<string[]>([]);
let status = $state<'loading' | 'ready' | 'error'>('loading');

$effect(() => {
  const unsubData = stores.data.subscribe(v => { data = v; });
  const unsubStatus = stores.status.subscribe(v => { status = v; });
  return () => {
    unsubData();
    unsubStatus();
  };
});

let isEmpty = $derived(data.length === 0);
let isReady = $derived(status === 'ready');
</script>

Common Patterns

Bindable Component State

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<script lang="ts">
let {
  value = $bindable(''),
  disabled = false
}: {
  value?: string;
  disabled?: boolean;
} = $props();

let focused = $state(false);
let charCount = $derived(value.length);
let isValid = $derived(charCount >= 3 && charCount <= 100);
</script>

<input
  bind:value
  {disabled}
  onfocus={() => { focused = true; }}
  onblur={() => { focused = false; }}
  class:focused
  class:invalid={!isValid}
/>
<p>{charCount}/100</p>

Form State Management

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<script lang="ts">
interface FormData {
  email: string;
  password: string;
}

let formData = $state<FormData>({
  email: '',
  password: ''
});

let errors = $state<Partial<Record<keyof FormData, string>>>({});

let isValid = $derived(
  formData.email.includes('@') &&
  formData.password.length >= 8
);

let canSubmit = $derived(
  isValid && Object.keys(errors).length === 0
);

function validate(field: keyof FormData) {
  if (field === 'email' && !formData.email.includes('@')) {
    errors.email = 'Invalid email';
  } else if (field === 'password' && formData.password.length < 8) {
    errors.password = 'Password too short';
  } else {
    delete errors[field];
  }
}

async function handleSubmit() {
  if (!canSubmit) return;

  // Submit logic
  const result = await submitForm(formData);

  if (result.ok) {
    // Success
  } else {
    errors = result.errors;
  }
}
</script>

<form onsubmit={handleSubmit}>
  <input
    type="email"
    bind:value={formData.email}
    onblur={() => validate('email')}
  />
  {#if errors.email}
    <span class="error">{errors.email}</span>
  {/if}

  <input
    type="password"
    bind:value={formData.password}
    onblur={() => validate('password')}
  />
  {#if errors.password}
    <span class="error">{errors.password}</span>
  {/if}

  <button type="submit" disabled={!canSubmit}>
    Submit
  </button>
</form>

Debounced Search

typescriptCopy code
<script lang="ts">
import { writable, derived } from 'svelte/store';

const searchQuery = writable('');

// Traditional derived store with debounce
const debouncedQuery = derived(
  searchQuery,
  ($query, set) => {
    const timeout = setTimeout(() => set($query), 300);
    return () => clearTimeout(timeout);
  },
  '' // initial value
);

// Bridge to rune state
let query = $state('');
let debouncedValue = $state('');

$effect(() => {
  searchQuery.set(query);
});

$effect(() => {
  const unsub = debouncedQuery.subscribe(v => {
    debouncedValue = v;
  });
  return unsub;
});

// Use in derived
let results = $derived(
  debouncedValue.length >= 3
    ? performSearch(debouncedValue)
    : []
);
</script>

<input
  type="search"
  bind:value={query}
  placeholder="Search..."
/>

{#each results as result}
  <SearchResult {result} />
{/each}

Migration Checklist

When migrating from Svelte 4 to Svelte 5 with adapter-static:

• Replace component-level $: with $derived()
• Replace export let prop with let { prop } = $props()
• Keep global stores as writable()/derived()
• Add bridge pattern for store → rune state
• Replace $store syntax with manual subscription in $effect()
• Test prerendering with npm run build
• Verify hydration works correctly
• Check for hydration mismatches in console
• Ensure client-only code is guarded with browser check

Testing Patterns

Unit Testing Runes

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import { mount } from 'svelte';
import { tick } from 'svelte';
import { describe, it, expect } from 'vitest';
import Counter from './Counter.svelte';

describe('Counter', () => {
  it('increments count', async () => {
    const { component } = mount(Counter, {
      target: document.body,
      props: { initialCount: 0 }
    });

    const button = document.querySelector('button');
    button?.click();

    await tick();

    expect(button?.textContent).toContain('1');
  });
});

Testing Store Bridges

typescriptCopy code
import { get } from 'svelte/store';
import { tick } from 'svelte';
import { describe, it, expect } from 'vitest';
import { createMyStore } from './myStore';

describe('Store Bridge', () => {
  it('syncs store to rune state', async () => {
    const store = createMyStore();

    store.data.set(['item1', 'item2']);

    await tick();

    expect(get(store.data)).toEqual(['item1', 'item2']);
  });
});

Performance Considerations

Avoid Unnecessary Reactivity

typescriptCopy code
// ❌ Over-reactive
let items = $state([1, 2, 3, 4, 5]);
let doubled = $derived(items.map(x => x * 2));
let tripled = $derived(items.map(x => x * 3));
let quadrupled = $derived(items.map(x => x * 4));

// ✅ Compute only what's needed
let items = $state([1, 2, 3, 4, 5]);
let transformedItems = $derived(
  mode === 'double' ? items.map(x => x * 2) :
  mode === 'triple' ? items.map(x => x * 3) :
  items.map(x => x * 4)
);

Memoize Expensive Computations

typescriptCopy code
// Traditional derived store for expensive computations
const expensiveComputation = derived(
  [source1, source2],
  ([$s1, $s2]) => {
    // Expensive calculation
    return complexAlgorithm($s1, $s2);
  }
);

// Bridge to rune
let result = $state(null);
$effect(() => {
  const unsub = expensiveComputation.subscribe(v => { result = v; });
  return unsub;
});

Troubleshooting

Symptom: State doesn't update after hydration

Cause: Runes in module scope with adapter-static

Fix: Use traditional writable() stores for global state

Symptom: "$ is not defined" error in $derived

Cause: Trying to use $store syntax in runes mode

Fix: Use bridge pattern with $effect() subscription

Symptom: "Cannot read property of undefined" after SSG

Cause: Store factory with getters instead of direct exports

Fix: Export stores directly, not wrapped in getters

Symptom: Hydration mismatch warnings

Cause: Client-only state rendered during SSR

Fix: Guard with browser check or use {#if browser}

Decision Framework

Use Traditional Stores When:

• State needs to survive SSG/SSR prerendering
• State is global/shared across components
• State needs to be serialized/deserialized
• Working with adapter-static

Use Runes When:

• State is component-local
• Building reactive UI logic
• Working with props and component lifecycle
• Creating derived computations from local state

Use Bridge Pattern When:

• Need to combine global stores with component runes
• Want derived computations from store values
• Building complex reactive chains

Related Skills

• toolchains-javascript-frameworks-svelte: Base Svelte patterns
• toolchains-typescript-core: TypeScript integration
• toolchains-ui-styling-tailwind: Styling Svelte components
• toolchains-javascript-testing-vitest: Testing Svelte 5

References

• Svelte 5 Runes Documentation
• SvelteKit adapter-static
• Svelte Stores