Alpaca Trading

Alpaca Trading — Trading API

API para trading de acciones, crypto y opciones. Soporta paper trading (gratis) y live trading.

Base URLs:

• Paper: https://paper-api.alpaca.markets
• Live: https://api.alpaca.markets
• SDK: pip install alpaca-py

Docs: docs.alpaca.markets

Autenticación

Obtener API Keys

1. Ir a app.alpaca.markets
2. Crear cuenta (paper trading es gratis)
3. Ir a "API Keys" → Generate New Keys

Configuración

pythonCopy code
import os
from alpaca.trading.client import TradingClient

# Para paper trading
API_KEY = os.getenv("APCA_API_KEY_ID")
SECRET_KEY = os.getenv("APCA_API_SECRET_KEY")
BASE_URL = "https://paper-api.alpaca.markets"  # Paper

# Para live trading
# BASE_URL = "https://api.alpaca.markets"

client = TradingClient(API_KEY, SECRET_KEY, paper=True)

⚠️ NUNCA hardcodear keys. Usar variables de entorno.

Rate Limits

Recomendaciones

• Usar WebSocket para updates en tiempo real — más eficiente que polling
• Cachear account/positions — no consultar constantemente
• Implementar retry con exponential backoff para 429 errors

Account

Obtener Información de Cuenta

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account = client.get_account()
print(f"Buying Power: ${account.buying_power}")
print(f"Cash: ${account.cash}")
print(f"Portfolio Value: ${account.portfolio_value}")
print(f"Status: {account.status}")

Configuración de Cuenta

pythonCopy code
from alpaca.trading.requests import AccountConfigurationsRequest

config_request = AccountConfigurationsRequest(
    trade_confirmation_email=True,
    susi_transfer_email=True
)
client.update_account_configuration(config_request)

Assets

Listar Todos los Assets

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from alpaca.trading.requests import GetAssetsRequest
from alpaca.trading.enums import AssetClass, AssetStatus

request = GetAssetsRequest(
    asset_class=AssetClass.US_EQUITY,
    status=AssetStatus.ACTIVE
)

assets = client.get_all_assets(request)

# Filtrar symbols tradables
tradable = [a for a in assets if a.tradable]
print(f"Assets tradables: {len(tradable)}")

Obtener Asset Específico

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asset = client.get_asset("AAPL")
print(f"AAPL tradable: {asset.tradable}")
print(f"AAPL class: {asset.asset_class}")

Orders

Tipos de Órdenes

Time in Force

Crear Orden de Market

pythonCopy code
from alpaca.trading.requests import MarketOrderRequest
from alpaca.trading.enums import OrderSide, TimeInForce

order_request = MarketOrderRequest(
    symbol="AAPL",
    qty=10,
    side=OrderSide.BUY,
    time_in_force=TimeInForce.DAY
)

order = client.submit_order(order_request)
print(f"Order ID: {order.id}")
print(f"Status: {order.status}")

Crear Orden Limit

pythonCopy code
from alpaca.trading.requests import LimitOrderRequest

order_request = LimitOrderRequest(
    symbol="AAPL",
    qty=10,
    side=OrderSide.BUY,
    limit_price=150.00,  # Máximo a pagar
    time_in_force=TimeInForce.GTC
)

order = client.submit_order(order_request)

Crear Orden Stop

pythonCopy code
from alpaca.trading.requests import StopOrderRequest

order_request = StopOrderRequest(
    symbol="AAPL",
    qty=10,
    side=OrderSide.SELL,
    stop_price=145.00,  # Vende cuando caiga a este precio
    time_in_force=TimeInForce.GTC
)

Obtener Órdenes

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# Todas las órdenes abiertas
open_orders = client.get_orders(status="open")
print(f"Órdenes abiertas: {len(open_orders)}")

# Órdenes filladas hoy
from datetime import datetime
filled_orders = client.get_orders(
    status="fill",
    start=datetime(2024, 1, 15)
)

# Orden por ID
order = client.get_order_by_id(order_id)

Cancelar Órdenes

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# Cancelar una orden
client.cancel_order(order_id)

# Cancelar todas las órdenes abiertas
client.cancel_orders()

Reemplazar Orden

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from alpaca.trading.requests import ReplaceOrderRequest

replace_request = ReplaceOrderRequest(
    limit_price=155.00,  # Nuevo precio límite
    qty=15               # Nueva cantidad
)
client.replace_order(order_id, replace_request)

Positions

Obtener Posiciones Abiertas

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positions = client.get_all_positions()

for pos in positions:
    print(f"{pos.symbol}: {pos.qty} shares")
    print(f"  Avg Entry: ${pos.avg_entry_price}")
    print(f"  Market Value: ${pos.market_value}")
    print(f"  P/L: ${pos.unrealized_pl}")

Obtener Posición Específica

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position = client.get_position("AAPL")
print(f"AAPL: {position.qty} shares @ ${position.avg_entry_price}")

Cerrar Posición

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# Cerrar toda la posición
client.close_position("AAPL")

# Cerrar posición parcialmente (qty=5)
client.close_position("AAPL", qty=5)

Cerrar Todas las Posiciones

pythonCopy code
client.close_all_positions()

Options Trading

Trading Levels

Obtener Option Contracts

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from alpaca.trading.requests import GetOptionContractsRequest
from datetime import datetime, timedelta

request = GetOptionContractsRequest(
    underlying_symbols=["AAPL"],
    expiration_date_gte=datetime.now().strftime("%Y-%m-%d"),
    expiration_date_lte=(datetime.now() + timedelta(days=30)).strftime("%Y-%m-%d"),
    strike_price_gte=100,
    strike_price_lte=200,
    limit=100
)

contracts = client.get_option_contracts(request)
contract = contracts.option_contracts[0]

# Trade con contract ID
order_request = MarketOrderRequest(
    symbol=contract.id,  # Usar ID del contract
    qty=1,
    side=OrderSide.BUY,
    time_in_force=TimeInForce.DAY
)

Ejercitar Opción

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# Ejercer una posición de opción
client.exercise_options(position_id)

Crypto Trading

Listar Symbols Disponibles

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from alpaca.trading.enums import AssetClass

crypto_assets = client.get_all_assets(asset_class=AssetClass.CRYPTO)
crypto = [a for a in crypto_assets if a.tradable]
print(f"Crypto tradables: {[a.symbol for a in crypto[:10]]}")

Órdenes de Crypto

pythonCopy code
order_request = MarketOrderRequest(
    symbol="BTC/USD",
    qty=0.1,  # Fracciones permitidas
    side=OrderSide.BUY,
    time_in_force=TimeInForce.GTC
)
client.submit_order(order_request)

Market Hours

Obtener Clock

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clock = client.get_clock()
print(f"Market open: {clock.is_open}")
print(f"Next open: {clock.next_open}")
print(f"Next close: {clock.next_close}")

Verificar si Mercado está Abierto

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if clock.is_open:
    print("Mercado abierto - puedes tradear")
else:
    print("Mercado cerrado")

Portfolio History

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from datetime import datetime

history = client.get_account_portfolio_history(
    date_start=datetime(2024, 1, 1),
    timeframe="1D"
)

print(f"Equity: {history.equity}")
print(f"Profit/Loss: {history.profit_loss}")

Watchlists

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from alpaca.trading.requests import CreateWatchlistRequest

# Crear watchlist
watchlist = client.create_watchlist(
    CreateWatchlistRequest(name="Tech Stocks")
)

# Agregar símbolo
client.add_to_watchlist(watchlist.id, "AAPL")

# Obtener watchlists
watchlists = client.get_watchlists()

WebSocket Streaming

pythonCopy code
from alpaca.trading.stream import TradingStream

async def handle_trade_update(data):
    print(f"Update: {data}")

stream = TradingStream(API_KEY, SECRET_KEY, paper=True)

stream.subscribe_trade_updates(handle_trade_update)
stream.run()

Scripts de Ejemplo

Ver ./scripts/:

bashCopy code
# Ver cuenta
python ./scripts/check_account.py

# Ver posiciones
python ./scripts/check_positions.py

# Enviar orden de prueba
python ./scripts/place_order.py --symbol AAPL --qty 10 --side buy --type market

Errores Comunes

Comparación: Paper vs Live

Siempre probar en paper primero.