Agent Device

Mobile Automation with agent-device

For exploration, use snapshot refs. For deterministic replay, use selectors. For structured exploratory QA bug hunts and reporting, use ../dogfood/SKILL.md.

Start Here (Read This First)

Use this skill as a router, not a full manual.

1. Pick one mode:
   • Normal interaction flow
   • Debug/crash flow
   • Replay maintenance flow
2. Run one canonical flow below.
3. Open references only if blocked.

Decision Map

• No target context yet: devices -> pick target -> open.
• Normal UI task: open -> snapshot -i -> press/fill -> diff snapshot -i -> close
• Debug/crash: open <app> -> logs clear --restart -> reproduce -> network dump -> logs path -> targeted grep
• Replay drift: replay -u <path> -> verify updated selectors
• Remote multi-tenant run: allocate lease -> point client at remote daemon base URL -> run commands with tenant isolation flags -> heartbeat/release lease
• Device-scope isolation run: set iOS simulator set / Android allowlist -> run selectors within scope only

Target Selection Rules

• iOS local QA: use simulators unless the task explicitly requires a physical device.
• iOS local QA in mixed simulator/device environments: run ensure-simulator first and pass --device, --udid, or --ios-simulator-device-set on later commands.
• Android local QA: use install or reinstall for .apk/.aab files, then relaunch by installed package name.
• Android React Native + Metro flows: set runtime hints with runtime set before open <package> --relaunch.
• In mixed-device environments, always pin the exact target with --serial, --device, --udid, or an isolation scope.

Canonical Flows

1) Normal Interaction Flow

bashCopy code
agent-device open Settings --platform ios
agent-device snapshot -i
agent-device press @e3
agent-device diff snapshot -i
agent-device fill @e5 "test"
agent-device close

1a) Local iOS Simulator QA Flow

bashCopy code
agent-device ensure-simulator --platform ios --device "iPhone 16" --boot
agent-device open MyApp --platform ios --device "iPhone 16" --session qa-ios --relaunch
agent-device snapshot -i
agent-device press @e3
agent-device close

Use this when a physical iPhone is also connected and you want deterministic simulator-only automation.

1b) Android React Native + Metro QA Flow

bashCopy code
agent-device reinstall MyApp /path/to/app-debug.apk --platform android --serial emulator-5554
agent-device runtime set --session qa-android --platform android --metro-host 10.0.2.2 --metro-port 8081
agent-device open com.example.myapp --platform android --serial emulator-5554 --session qa-android --relaunch
agent-device snapshot -i
agent-device close

Do not use open <apk|aab> --relaunch on Android. Install/reinstall binaries first, then relaunch by package.

2) Debug/Crash Flow

bashCopy code
agent-device open MyApp --platform ios
agent-device logs clear --restart
agent-device network dump 25
agent-device logs path

Logging is off by default. Enable only for debugging windows. logs clear --restart requires an active app session (open <app> first).

3) Replay Maintenance Flow

bashCopy code
agent-device replay -u ./session.ad

4) Remote Tenant Lease Flow (HTTP JSON-RPC)

bashCopy code
# Client points directly at the remote daemon HTTP base URL.
export AGENT_DEVICE_DAEMON_BASE_URL=http://mac-host.example:4310
export AGENT_DEVICE_DAEMON_AUTH_TOKEN=<token>

# Allocate lease
curl -sS "${AGENT_DEVICE_DAEMON_BASE_URL}/rpc" \
  -H "content-type: application/json" \
  -H "Authorization: Bearer <token>" \
  -d '{"jsonrpc":"2.0","id":"alloc-1","method":"agent_device.lease.allocate","params":{"runId":"run-123","tenantId":"acme","ttlMs":60000}}'

# Use lease in tenant-isolated command execution
agent-device \
  --tenant acme \
  --session-isolation tenant \
  --run-id run-123 \
  --lease-id <lease-id> \
  session list --json

# Heartbeat and release
curl -sS "${AGENT_DEVICE_DAEMON_BASE_URL}/rpc" \
  -H "content-type: application/json" \
  -H "Authorization: Bearer <token>" \
  -d '{"jsonrpc":"2.0","id":"hb-1","method":"agent_device.lease.heartbeat","params":{"leaseId":"<lease-id>","ttlMs":60000}}'
curl -sS "${AGENT_DEVICE_DAEMON_BASE_URL}/rpc" \
  -H "content-type: application/json" \
  -H "Authorization: Bearer <token>" \
  -d '{"jsonrpc":"2.0","id":"rel-1","method":"agent_device.lease.release","params":{"leaseId":"<lease-id>"}}'

Notes:

• AGENT_DEVICE_DAEMON_BASE_URL makes the CLI skip local daemon discovery/startup and call the remote HTTP daemon directly.
• AGENT_DEVICE_DAEMON_AUTH_TOKEN is sent in both the JSON-RPC request token and HTTP auth headers.
• In remote daemon mode, --debug does not tail a local daemon.log; inspect logs on the remote host instead.

Command Skeleton (Minimal)

Session and navigation

bashCopy code
agent-device devices
agent-device devices --platform ios --ios-simulator-device-set /tmp/tenant-a/simulators
agent-device devices --platform android --android-device-allowlist emulator-5554,device-1234
agent-device ensure-simulator --device "iPhone 16" --ios-simulator-device-set /tmp/tenant-a/simulators
agent-device ensure-simulator --device "iPhone 16" --runtime com.apple.CoreSimulator.SimRuntime.iOS-18-4 --ios-simulator-device-set /tmp/tenant-a/simulators --boot
agent-device open [app|url] [url]
agent-device open [app] --relaunch
agent-device close [app]
agent-device install <app> <path-to-binary>
agent-device reinstall <app> <path-to-binary>
agent-device session list

Use boot only as fallback when open cannot find/connect to a ready target. For Android emulators by AVD name, use boot --platform android --device <avd-name>. For Android emulators without GUI, add --headless. Use --target mobile|tv with --platform (required) to pick phone/tablet vs TV targets (AndroidTV/tvOS). For Android React Native + Metro flows, install or reinstall the APK first, set runtime hints with runtime set, then use open <package> --relaunch; do not use open <apk|aab> --relaunch. For local iOS QA in mixed simulator/device environments, use ensure-simulator and pass --device or --udid so automation does not attach to a physical device by accident.

Isolation scoping quick reference:

• --ios-simulator-device-set <path> scopes iOS simulator discovery + command execution to one simulator set.
• --android-device-allowlist <serials> scopes Android discovery/selection to comma/space separated serials.
• Scope is applied before selectors (--device, --udid, --serial); out-of-scope selectors fail with DEVICE_NOT_FOUND.
• With iOS simulator-set scope enabled, iOS physical devices are not enumerated.

Simulator provisioning quick reference:

• Use ensure-simulator to create or reuse a named iOS simulator inside a device set before starting a session.
• --device <name> is required (e.g. "iPhone 16 Pro"). --runtime <id> pins the runtime; omit to use the newest compatible one.
• --boot boots it immediately. Returns udid, device, runtime, ios_simulator_device_set, created, booted.
• Idempotent: safe to call repeatedly; reuses an existing matching simulator by default.

TV quick reference:

• AndroidTV: open/apps use TV launcher discovery automatically.
• TV target selection works on emulators/simulators and connected physical devices (AndroidTV + AppleTV).
• tvOS: runner-driven interactions and snapshots are supported (snapshot, wait, press, fill, get, scroll, back, home, app-switcher, record and related selector flows).
• tvOS back/home/app-switcher map to Siri Remote actions (menu, home, double-home) in the runner.
• tvOS follows iOS simulator-only command semantics for helpers like pinch, settings, and push.

Snapshot and targeting

bashCopy code
agent-device snapshot -i
agent-device diff snapshot -i
agent-device find "Sign In" click
agent-device press @e1
agent-device fill @e2 "text"
agent-device is visible 'id="anchor"'

press is canonical tap command; click is an alias.

Utilities

bashCopy code
agent-device appstate
agent-device clipboard read
agent-device clipboard write "token"
agent-device keyboard status
agent-device keyboard dismiss
agent-device perf --json
agent-device network dump [limit] [summary|headers|body|all]
agent-device push <bundle|package> <payload.json|inline-json>
agent-device trigger-app-event screenshot_taken '{"source":"qa"}'
agent-device get text @e1
agent-device screenshot out.png
agent-device settings permission grant notifications
agent-device settings permission reset camera
agent-device trace start
agent-device trace stop ./trace.log

Batch (when sequence is already known)

bashCopy code
agent-device batch --steps-file /tmp/batch-steps.json --json

Performance Check

• Use agent-device perf --json (or metrics --json) after open.
• For detailed metric semantics, caveats, and interpretation guidance, see references/perf-metrics.md.

Guardrails (High Value Only)

• Re-snapshot after UI mutations (navigation/modal/list changes).
• Prefer snapshot -i; scope/depth only when needed.
• Use refs for discovery, selectors for replay/assertions.
• find "<query>" click --json returns { ref, locator, query, x, y } — all derived from the matched snapshot node. Do not rely on these fields from raw press/click responses for observability; use find instead.
• Use fill for clear-then-type semantics; use type for focused append typing.
• Use install for in-place app upgrades (keep app data when platform permits), and reinstall for deterministic fresh-state runs.
• App binary format support for install/reinstall: Android .apk/.aab, iOS .app/.ipa.
• Android .aab requires bundletool in PATH, or AGENT_DEVICE_BUNDLETOOL_JAR=<path-to-bundletool-all.jar> with java in PATH.
• Android .aab optional: set AGENT_DEVICE_ANDROID_BUNDLETOOL_MODE=<mode> to control bundletool build-apks --mode (default: universal).
• iOS .ipa: extract/install from Payload/*.app; when multiple app bundles are present, <app> is used as a bundle id/name hint.
• iOS appstate is session-scoped; Android appstate is live foreground state. iOS responses include device_udid and ios_simulator_device_set for isolation verification.
• iOS open responses include device_udid and ios_simulator_device_set to confirm which simulator handled the session.
• Clipboard helpers: clipboard read / clipboard write <text> are supported on Android and iOS simulators; iOS physical devices are not supported yet.
• Android keyboard helpers: keyboard status|get|dismiss report keyboard visibility/type and dismiss via keyevent when visible.
• network dump is best-effort and parses HTTP(s) entries from the session app log file.
• Biometric settings: iOS simulator supports settings faceid|touchid <match|nonmatch|enroll|unenroll>; Android supports settings fingerprint <match|nonmatch> where runtime tooling is available.
• For AndroidTV/tvOS selection, always pair --target with --platform (ios, android, or apple alias); target-only selection is invalid.
• push simulates notification delivery:
  • iOS simulator uses APNs-style payload JSON.
  • Android uses broadcast action + typed extras (string/boolean/number).
• trigger-app-event requires app-defined deep-link hooks and URL template configuration (AGENT_DEVICE_APP_EVENT_URL_TEMPLATE or platform-specific variants).
• trigger-app-event requires an active session or explicit selectors (--platform, --device, --udid, --serial); on iOS physical devices, custom-scheme triggers require active app context.
• Canonical trigger behavior and caveats are documented in website/docs/docs/commands.md under App event triggers.
• Permission settings are app-scoped and require an active session app: settings permission <grant|deny|reset> <camera|microphone|photos|contacts|notifications> [full|limited]
• iOS simulator permission alerts: use alert wait then alert accept/dismiss — accept/dismiss retry internally for up to 2 s so you do not need manual sleeps. See references/permissions.md.
• full|limited mode applies only to iOS photos; other targets reject mode.
• On Android, non-ASCII fill/type may require an ADB keyboard IME on some system images; only install IME APKs from trusted sources and verify checksum/signature.
• If using --save-script, prefer explicit path syntax (--save-script=flow.ad or ./flow.ad).
• For tenant-isolated remote runs, always pass --tenant, --session-isolation tenant, --run-id, and --lease-id together.
• Use short lease TTLs and heartbeat only while work is active; release leases immediately after run completion/failure.
• Env equivalents for scoped runs: AGENT_DEVICE_IOS_SIMULATOR_DEVICE_SET (compat IOS_SIMULATOR_DEVICE_SET) and AGENT_DEVICE_ANDROID_DEVICE_ALLOWLIST (compat ANDROID_DEVICE_ALLOWLIST).
• For explicit remote client mode, prefer AGENT_DEVICE_DAEMON_BASE_URL / --daemon-base-url instead of relying on local daemon metadata or loopback-only ports.

Common Failure Patterns

• Failed to access Android app sandbox for /path/app-debug.apk: Android relaunch/runtime-hint flow received an APK path instead of an installed package name. Use reinstall first, then open <package> --relaunch.
• mkdir: Needs 1 argument while writing ReactNativeDevPrefs.xml: likely an older agent-device build or stale global install is still using the shell-based Android runtime-hint writer. Verify the exact binary being invoked.
• Failed to terminate iOS app: the flow may have selected a physical iPhone or an unavailable iOS target. Re-run with ensure-simulator, then pin the simulator with --device or --udid.

Security and Trust Notes

• Prefer a preinstalled agent-device binary over on-demand package execution.
• If install is required, pin an exact version (for example: npx --yes agent-device@<exact-version> --help).
• Signing/provisioning environment variables are optional, sensitive, and only for iOS physical-device setup.
• Logs/artifacts are written under ~/.agent-device; replay scripts write to explicit paths you provide.
• For remote daemon mode, prefer AGENT_DEVICE_DAEMON_SERVER_MODE=http|dual on the host plus client-side AGENT_DEVICE_DAEMON_BASE_URL, with AGENT_DEVICE_HTTP_AUTH_HOOK and tenant-scoped lease admission where needed.
• Keep logging off unless debugging and use least-privilege/isolated environments for autonomous runs.

Common Mistakes

• Mixing debug flow into normal runs (keep logs off unless debugging).
• Continuing to use stale refs after screen transitions.
• Using URL opens with Android --activity (unsupported combination).
• Treating boot as default first step instead of fallback.

References

• references/snapshot-refs.md
• references/logs-and-debug.md
• references/session-management.md
• references/permissions.md
• references/video-recording.md
• references/coordinate-system.md
• references/batching.md
• references/perf-metrics.md
• references/remote-tenancy.md