Layout
Position, spacing and alignment carry hierarchy before a word is read. This skill builds that structure and stress-tests it: resize it, translate it, mirror it for RTL.
Write every fix in the project's styling system. The numbers below are starting points for interfaces with no established density system, and where one applies, use it as written rather than a familiar-looking substitute. Keep deliberate platform chrome, compact professional tools and project tokens where they still pass the stress tests.
Hit areas and focus behavior belong to better-accessibility. Radius, shadows and animation belong to better-ui. Line length and text spacing belong to better-typography.
Group with space, not lines
Space groups first, background shapes second, separator lines last and only where space alone can't carry the structure. The gap between groups must be at least 2× the gap within one (8px intra-group to 16px+ inter-group), or the grouping reads as noise. Alignment edges and importance ordering are in grouping-and-alignment.md.
Keep controls distinct from content
Give every interactive element a background shape, a border, or a consistent placement zone. A control styled like the static text beside it does not read as a control.
Align to shared edges
Pick alignment edges and stick to them; every stray edge reads as noise. Use one project spacing step per level of subordination, where 16px is a useful default.
Use logical properties for direction-dependent layout: padding-inline-start, margin-inline-end. Reserve physical left and right for genuinely physical geometry.
Order by importance
The most important content sits near the top and the leading edge. Reading order flows top-to-bottom, leading-to-trailing. Think in leading and trailing, not left and right.
Hint at hidden content
Progressive disclosure needs a visible affordance. Use the project's established cue, or let the next item peek 16–32px past the scroll edge, or show a disclosure control. Content hidden with zero cue may as well not exist.
Breathing room between targets
Without an established density system, start with 12px between adjacent bordered or filled controls and 24px around borderless text- and icon-only ones. Compact layouts may use less, as long as better-accessibility hit areas don't overlap and the controls stay distinct. Layout margins and breakpoint recipes are in spacing-and-adaptivity.md.
Inset buttons from the edges
In content layouts, keep full-width buttons inside the layout margins with a visible radius, starting near 16px inline on mobile. Edge-to-edge actions work when they follow established platform chrome, account for safe areas and stay distinguishable from system UI.
Content bleeds, controls float
Backgrounds and media extend to the viewport edges. Controls and text stay inside the layout margins and safe areas (env(safe-area-inset-*)). Sticky chrome floats above the content layer rather than blocking it.
Hold structure until it breaks
Breakpoints come from the content, not device presets. Keep the expanded layout as long as it genuinely fits and collapse late. Prefer container queries for component-level adaptation, and test the smallest and largest sizes first.
Plan for growth and clipping
Translated strings grow, and short ones grow proportionally more, so a one-word button label is the riskiest thing on the screen. Put no fixed width or height on a text container, and let rows wrap. Test with pseudo-localization and one representative locale rather than budgeting a percentage.
Never park a critical action where resizing or scrolling clips it. Keep it in the normal flow, or in stable chrome suited to the product.
Before you finish
| Mistake | Fix |
|---|---|
margin-left / padding-right in a localizable layout | margin-inline-start / padding-inline-end |
| Content-layout button touches the viewport edge | Inset within the project margins; keep intentional platform chrome |
| Breakpoints at 768/1024 because they're the defaults | Break where the content actually stops fitting |
| Fixed-width text container sized to one language | max-width and wrapping; test pseudo-localization |
| Primary action at the clip-prone bottom of a pane | Sticky positioning or stable chrome with safe-area padding |
Reporting
Severity. HIGH blocks content or an action at a supported viewport. MEDIUM harms hierarchy, reading order, or adaptability. LOW is isolated alignment or spacing polish.
Verification. Without a browser: logical properties in place of physical ones, container and media queries against the supported viewport list and DOM order against the intended reading order. With one: every supported width, 200% zoom and the RTL mirror. Report every check you could not run as Not verified.
Format. Group findings under the principle each violates, ordered by severity, one row per root cause listing every location it appears in:
| Severity | Location | Before | After | Why |
|---|
Location is path/to/file:line. Why names the principle and the user impact.
End with Block when any HIGH remains, Approve otherwise, leaving the rest in the table as work to do. Never Approve coverage you did not inspect. With nothing to report, state "No actionable layout findings" and report verification.
