Simulink Use C Function Block

C Function Block Configuration

When to Use

• Calling or wrapping C/C++ code or libraries in Simulink
• Creating, configuring, or using a C Function block
• Integrating custom code, legacy code, or external C/C++ into a model
• Integrating a C++ class into a Simulink model or test bench
• Configuring inputs, outputs, or parameters for a C++ algorithm in a block

When NOT to Use

• Building general Simulink models without C/C++ integration
• MATLAB Function blocks (Embedded MATLAB) — those use MATLAB syntax, not C/C++
• Code generation workflows (Embedded Coder, Simulink Coder) — this skill is for simulation-time configuration only

Rules

• Derive each symbol's Simulink type from the corresponding C/C++ function parameter/return type (e.g. float → single, bool → boolean, char*/char[] → string (R2024b+)). However, when replacing an existing block (e.g. an S-Function), use the types already on that block first — for example, what looks like int32 from C may actually be fixdt(1,32,3) or another fixed-point type in the existing model.
• MANDATORY for C++ classes: When the user's code defines a C++ class, you MUST first attempt to declare a Persistent symbol of Class: ClassName and call class methods directly in the code sections (e.g. obj.Method(args)). If the class has an init method (not a constructor), call it in StartCode. Only fall back to wrapper/handler functions or opaque pointer patterns if the class approach fails to compile.
• Prefer relative paths for custom code files (sources, headers, libraries, search directories). Use paths relative to the model file location (e.g. 'myFunctions.h', './src/myLib.cpp') rather than absolute paths. This ensures portability across machines and users.

Workflow Overview

1. Add the C Function block — use model_edit with type "C Function" and set CustomCodeSettingLocation (default: "BlockSettings")
2. Configure custom code settings — point to headers/sources either on the block or model config (see references/custom-code-config.md)
3. Set code sections — configure OutputCode, StartCode, etc. on the block
4. Configure symbols via SymbolSpec — use model_query_params to get the SymbolSpec, then evaluate_matlab_code for object operations

SymbolSpec API (Port & Symbol Specification)

The SymbolSpec object defines the block's inputs, outputs, persistent state, constants, and parameters.

Getting the object

Query with model_query_params, then operate via evaluate_matlab_code:

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obj = get_param('myModel/MyCFunction', 'SymbolSpec');

Adding, getting, deleting symbols

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symObj = obj.addSymbol('varName');       % adds with default: Input, double, size '1'
symObj = obj.getSymbol('varName');       % get one by name
allSyms = obj.Symbols;                  % get all symbols
obj.deleteSymbol('varName');

Note: addSymbol always creates with defaults (double, Input, size '1'). When re-adding a deleted symbol, explicitly set all non-default properties (Type, Scope, Size) — prior properties are not retained.

Symbol Properties

Scope Details

Setting Parameter values

After setting Scope to 'Parameter', set the value by configuring the block with the parameter name as the key.

C++ Class Types

Class instances are declared as Persistent scope symbols with Type = 'Class: ClassName'.

Constructor arguments are specified in the Name property:

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obj = get_param('myModel/CFunction', 'SymbolSpec');

% Default constructor (no args)
sym = obj.addSymbol('myObj');
sym.Scope = 'Persistent';
sym.Type = 'Class: MyClass';

% Constructor with arguments (args must be Parameter or Constant scope symbols)
sym = obj.addSymbol('myObj(p)');
sym.Scope = 'Persistent';
sym.Type = 'Class: MyClass';

Rules for class types:

• Class must be defined in an external header (included via custom code settings) — NOT inside code sections
• Cannot create class instances as local variables in code sections — applies when CustomCodeSettingLocation = 'ModelConfigurationParameters' (always parsed), or 'BlockSettings' with ParseBlockCode = 'on'
• Constructor arguments must be Parameter or Constant scoped symbols only
• Function calls in constructor arguments are not allowed
• new operator is not allowed when block code is parsed
• Private/protected members cannot be accessed from code sections
• Class type does not support save/restore (SimSnapshot)

Access class methods in code sections: y = myObj.compute(u1);

Size Expressions

• Scalar: '1'
• Vector: '3' or '[3,1]'
• Matrix: '[2,3]'
• Dynamic from input: 'size(u1)', 'size(u1,1)', 'size(u1) + 1'

Rules:

• size() IS allowed in output dimensions (compute output size from inputs)
• size() is NOT allowed in input dimensions
• Output size CANNOT be '-1' (inherited) — must be explicit or use size() expression
• Input size CAN be '-1' (inherited)
• Size must evaluate to integer values
• Nested size(size(...)) is NOT supported

Restrictions

• #include directives NOT allowed inside code sections (Start/Output/Terminate) — use custom code settings
• Start/Terminate code CANNOT access Input or Output scoped symbols
• Constant scope must be scalar
• Library functions (e.g. isalnum) not supported inside code sections when ParseBlockCode = 'on' or CustomCodeSettingLocation = 'ModelConfigurationParameters' — use external calls via header. No restriction under default R2026a+ settings (BlockSettings + ParseBlockCode = 'off')
• When using a Simulink.NumericType with DataScope = 'Exported' in symbols, or any Simulink.NumericType in code sections, its IsAlias property must be true
• When CustomCodeSettingLocation = 'UpdateBuildInfo', GenerateCodeAsIs is forced 'on'
• Class definitions NOT allowed inside code sections — define in external header
• Variable-size signals are not supported

Full Example: Block-Level Custom Code with C++ Function

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% 1. Add C Function block with block-level custom code
%    Use model_edit: add_block type "C Function", set CustomCodeSettingLocation,
%    SimCustomHeaderFile, SimCustomSourceFile, and OutputCode on the block.

% 2. Configure symbols
obj = get_param('mMyTest/C Function', 'SymbolSpec');
obj.addSymbol('u1');
obj.addSymbol('u2');
u2obj = obj.getSymbol('u2');
u2obj.Type = 'int32';
u2obj.Size = '3';
obj.addSymbol('y');
yobj = obj.getSymbol('y');
yobj.Scope = 'Output';
yobj.Size = 'size(u2)';
obj.addSymbol('state');
stateobj = obj.getSymbol('state');
stateobj.Scope = 'Persistent';
save_system('mMyTest');
close_system('mMyTest', 0);

See references/examples.md for additional patterns (model-level custom code, C++ class with constructor args). See references/custom-code-config.md for detailed parameter tables and custom code location settings.

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