Accessibility Testing

Accessibility Testing

Consolidated: For comprehensive WCAG auditing with multi-tool testing (axe-core + pa11y + Lighthouse), video accessibility, and remediation, prefer /a11y-ally. This skill provides a quick reference card for basic accessibility testing patterns.

Browser engine

Browser-driven a11y checks should go through the qe-browser fleet skill. vibium a11y-tree --json returns the full accessibility tree without visual rendering — feed it into axe-core via vibium eval --stdin for ruleset enforcement. See .claude/skills/qe-browser/SKILL.md.

<default_to_action> When testing accessibility or ensuring compliance:

1. APPLY POUR principles: Perceivable, Operable, Understandable, Robust
2. TEST with keyboard-only navigation (Tab, Enter, Escape)
3. VALIDATE with screen readers (VoiceOver, NVDA, JAWS)
4. CHECK color contrast (4.5:1 for text, 3:1 for large text)
5. AUTOMATE with axe-core, integrate in CI/CD pipeline

Quick A11y Checklist:

• All images have alt text (or alt="" for decorative)
• All form fields have labels
• Color is never the only indicator
• Focus visible on all interactive elements
• Keyboard navigation works throughout

Critical Success Factors:

• Automated testing catches 30-50% of issues
• Manual testing with real assistive tech required
• Include users with disabilities in testing </default_to_action>

Quick Reference Card

When to Use

• Legal compliance (ADA, Section 508, EU Directive)
• New feature development
• Before release validation
• Accessibility audits

WCAG 2.2 Levels

POUR Principles

Color Contrast Requirements

Keyboard Navigation Testing

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// Test all interactive elements reachable via keyboard
test('all interactive elements keyboard accessible', async ({ page }) => {
  await page.goto('/');

  const focusableElements = await page.$$('button, a, input, select, textarea, [tabindex]');

  for (const element of focusableElements) {
    await element.focus();
    const isFocused = await element.evaluate(el => document.activeElement === el);
    expect(isFocused).toBe(true);
  }
});

// Verify visible focus indicator
test('focus indicator visible', async ({ page }) => {
  await page.goto('/');
  await page.keyboard.press('Tab');

  const focusedElement = await page.locator(':focus');
  const outline = await focusedElement.evaluate(el =>
    getComputedStyle(el).outline
  );

  expect(outline).not.toBe('none');
});

Automated Testing with axe-core

Preferred: via the a11y-ally AQE skill (qe-browser + Vibium)

For new work, use the a11y-ally skill — it composes qe-browser (Vibium WebDriver BiDi) with axe-core, pa11y, and Lighthouse and produces a WCAG-tagged JSON report with remediation guidance. It avoids the 300MB Playwright install and is already wired into the AQE fleet.

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# Runs axe-core + pa11y + Lighthouse via qe-browser (Vibium) engine
aqe skill run a11y-ally -- --url https://example.com --wcag AA

Fallback: Playwright + @axe-core/playwright

Keep this path when you have an existing Playwright suite and don't want to introduce a second browser runner, or when you need Firefox/Safari coverage that Vibium's Chrome-only BiDi backend can't provide today.

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import { test, expect } from '@playwright/test';
import AxeBuilder from '@axe-core/playwright';

test('page has no accessibility violations', async ({ page }) => {
  await page.goto('/');

  const results = await new AxeBuilder({ page })
    .withTags(['wcag2a', 'wcag2aa', 'wcag22aa'])
    .analyze();

  expect(results.violations).toEqual([]);
});

// CI/CD integration
test('checkout flow accessible', async ({ page }) => {
  await page.goto('/checkout');

  const results = await new AxeBuilder({ page })
    .include('#checkout-form')
    .disableRules(['color-contrast']) // Fix in next sprint
    .analyze();

  expect(results.violations.filter(v =>
    v.impact === 'critical' || v.impact === 'serious'
  )).toHaveLength(0);
});

Screen Reader Testing Checklist

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## VoiceOver (macOS) Testing
- [ ] Page title announced on load
- [ ] Headings hierarchy correct (h1 → h2 → h3)
- [ ] Landmarks present (nav, main, footer)
- [ ] Images have descriptive alt text
- [ ] Form labels read correctly
- [ ] Error messages announced
- [ ] Dynamic content updates announced (aria-live)

Agent-Driven Accessibility

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// Comprehensive a11y validation
await Task("Accessibility Validation", {
  url: 'https://example.com/checkout',
  standard: 'WCAG2.2',
  level: 'AA',
  checks: ['keyboard', 'screen-reader', 'color-contrast'],
  includeScreenReaderSimulation: true
}, "qe-visual-tester");

// Fleet coordination for comprehensive testing
const a11yFleet = await FleetManager.coordinate({
  strategy: 'comprehensive-accessibility',
  agents: [
    'qe-visual-tester',     // Visual & keyboard checks
    'qe-test-generator',    // Generate a11y tests
    'qe-quality-gate'       // Enforce compliance
  ],
  topology: 'parallel'
});

Agent Coordination Hints

Memory Namespace

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aqe/accessibility/
├── wcag-results/*       - WCAG audit results
├── screen-reader/*      - Screen reader test logs
├── remediation/*        - Fix recommendations
└── compliance/*         - Compliance reports

Fleet Coordination

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const a11yFleet = await FleetManager.coordinate({
  strategy: 'accessibility-testing',
  agents: [
    'qe-visual-tester',   // axe-core, keyboard, focus
    'qe-test-generator',  // Generate a11y test cases
    'qe-quality-gate'     // Block non-compliant builds
  ],
  topology: 'parallel'
});

Related Skills

• visual-testing-advanced - Visual a11y checks
• mobile-testing - Mobile a11y (VoiceOver, TalkBack)
• compliance-testing - Legal compliance

Remember

1 billion people have disabilities. Inaccessible software excludes 15% of humanity. Legal requirements: ADA, Section 508, EU Directive 2016/2102. $13T purchasing power. 250%+ increase in lawsuits.

Automated testing catches only 30-50% of issues. Combine with manual keyboard testing, screen reader testing, and real user testing with people with disabilities.

With Agents: Agents automate WCAG 2.2 compliance checking, screen reader simulation, and focus management validation. Use agents to enforce accessibility standards in CI/CD and catch violations before production.