Literature Discovery
The core problem
Most researchers start by downloading everything that looks relevant. This creates an unmanageable pile with no structure and no sense of what's missing. The alternative: build the corpus in deliberate waves, starting from a small seed set and expanding outward in three directions.
Workflow
1. Define scope before searching
Write one sentence: what is this research about, and what is it not about? This sentence is your filter for every candidate you encounter.
Then build a search matrix:
| Axis | Examples |
|---|---|
| Topic terms | main concept + synonyms + older names |
| Region/context | geographic or institutional scope |
| Object type | what specific thing you're studying |
| Time period | historical range |
| Language | all relevant languages, not just English |
| Method | field methods you're comparing against |
2. Start from a seed set, not a broad search
Pick 3–5 items you already know are strong:
- One overview or survey paper
- One foundational monograph or book
- One case-study cluster
- One methods paper
Do not start by downloading 200 results from a keyword search.
3. Expand in three directions from each seed
Backward — who does this paper cite? Follow references to earlier foundational work.
Forward — who cites this paper? Use Google Scholar, Semantic Scholar, or OpenAlex to find later work building on it.
Lateral — what related terms or adjacent topics does this paper not cover? Search those gaps explicitly.
4. Record every candidate before annotating
Keep a running candidate list. Add a row for every item you encounter, even if you don't have the PDF yet. Minimum fields per row:
- title, authors, year
- source (where you found it)
- language
- status:
candidate / keep / exclude / needs_pdf / needs_translation - reason (one line)
Do not annotate or read deeply at this stage.
5. Check for coverage bias
Before promoting items to intake, ask:
- Am I over-representing one language, one region, one time period?
- Are there practitioner sources, grey literature, or non-English materials I haven't touched?
- What would a critic say is missing from this list?
6. Promote only strong items
Only keep-status items move to the next stage (source intake). Everything else stays in the candidate list with a reason recorded.
Output expectations
- A reusable search matrix
- A candidate list with statuses and one-line reasons
- A gap list: what's under-covered and why
- A
keepqueue ready for source intake
Rules
- Search in waves. One wave = one seed's full expansion before starting the next seed.
- Never download everything from a keyword search in one pass.
- De-duplicate before promoting: DOI first, then title + year, then manual check.
- Keep translated titles and original titles together.
- Record the search URL and date for every batch — you will need to verify later.
- A candidate list with 200 items and no statuses is not useful. Triage as you go.
References
- Read
references/search-matrix.mdfor a reusable matrix template and project-specific axis examples.


