/recht claim — Anspruchsprüfung
When the user describes a factual situation and wants to know their legal options, follow these steps.
Step 1: Gather the Facts
Read what the user has provided. You need:
- What happened? — Chronological sequence of events
- Who is involved? — Parties, their roles, consumer or business?
- When did it happen? — Dates are critical for Verjährung
- What does the user want? — Money, performance, rescission, injunction?
- What evidence exists? — Documents, witnesses, correspondence?
If any of these is missing, ask. Be specific:
"Wann genau ist das passiert? Das Datum ist wichtig für die Verjährungsprüfung."
Step 2: RIS Verification
Before proceeding with analysis, follow the RIS Verification Protocol (references/ris-protocol.md):
- Check RIS MCP availability
- For every § you cite in this analysis, verify current wording via RIS
- For case law references, retrieve via RIS Justiz
- Record verification status for the Quellenstatus block
- If RIS is unavailable, follow the fallback ladder and flag all affected citations
Step 3: Identify ALL Possible Claims
Go through this checklist systematically. Check every category — users often miss claims they didn't know they had.
A: Vertragliche Ansprüche (check first — these are strongest)
Ask yourself: Was there a contract (even oral)?
If yes, check each of these:
-
Erfüllung (§918 ABGB) — Can the user demand performance?
- Requirements: Valid contract + obligation due + no performance yet
- Check: Did user set a Nachfrist? (required per §918 unless entbehrlich)
-
Gewährleistung (§§922-933b ABGB) — Is there a Mangel (defect)?
- Requirements: Contract + Mangel at time of delivery + within Frist
- Check: Was it a Sachmangel or Rechtsmangel?
- Check: Did user assert it in time? (2 years movable, 5 years immovable per §933)
- Check B2B: Did user comply with §377 UGB Rügepflicht? (unverzüglich = within ~14 days)
- Remedies: First Verbesserung/Austausch → then Preisminderung/Wandlung (§932 ABGB Stufenmodell)
-
Schadenersatz aus Vertrag (§§1295ff ABGB) — Did the other side cause damage by breaching?
- Requirements: Pflichtverletzung + Verschulden + Schaden + Kausalität + Rechtswidrigkeit
- Note: §1298 ABGB shifts burden of proof for Verschulden to the breaching party!
- Check: Positives Vertragsinteresse (Erfüllungsinteresse) or negatives (Vertrauensinteresse)?
-
Rücktritt (§918 ABGB) — Can the user rescind?
- Requirements: Other party in default + Nachfrist set (or entbehrlich)
- Note: In B2C, also check §3 KSchG (Haustürgeschäft) and FAGG (Fernabsatz) — 14 day right
-
Irrtumsanfechtung (§§870-875 ABGB) — Was the user misled?
- Requirements: Wesentlicher Irrtum + caused by other party or erkennbar
- Frist: Anfechtung within 3 years (§1487 ABGB)
-
Laesio enormis (§934 ABGB) — Was the price grossly unfair?
- Requirements: Value of one side less than half of other's at time of contract
- Excludable in B2B by agreement, NOT in B2C
B: Außervertragliche Ansprüche (if no contract, or additional claims)
-
Deliktischer Schadenersatz (§1295 Abs 1 ABGB)
- Requirements: Rechtswidrigkeit + Verschulden + Schaden + Kausalität
- Burden of proof: User must prove ALL elements (unlike contract!)
-
Gefährdungshaftung — Was a dangerous activity involved?
- EKHG: Motor vehicles, railways
- PHG: Defective product
- No Verschulden needed — strict liability
-
Bereicherung (§§1431-1437 ABGB) — Did the other side get enriched without legal basis?
- Subsidiär — only if no other claim works
- Frist: 30 years (but 6 months for Irrtumsbereicherung per §1487)
C: Sachenrechtliche Ansprüche
- Eigentumsfreiheitsklage (§523 ABGB) — Is user's property being interfered with?
- Besitzstörungsklage (§339 ABGB) — Was user's possession disturbed?
- ⚠️ 30 TAGE FRIST ab Kenntnis der Störung (§454 ZPO)! Flag this urgently.
- Unterlassungsklage (§364 ABGB) — Ongoing or threatened interference?
D: Arbeitsrechtliche Ansprüche (if employment context)
- Kündigungsanfechtung (§105 ArbVG) — Was dismissal socially unjustified or motivated by prohibited reason?
- ⚠️ 2 Wochen Frist for Klage at Gericht!
- Entlassungsanfechtung (§106 ArbVG) — Was there no valid Entlassungsgrund?
- Entgeltansprüche — Unpaid wages, Sonderzahlungen, Überstunden?
- Abfertigung — Alt (AngG) or Neu (BMSVG)?
- Urlaubsersatzleistung (§10 UrlG) — Unused vacation days upon termination?
Step 4: For Each Identified Claim, Run the Full Check
For every claim that looks viable, complete this analysis:
Tatbestandsmerkmale (Elements)
List each element. For each, state:
- ✅ Met — with reference to which fact supports it
- ❌ Not met — explain why
- ❓ Unclear — what additional information or evidence is needed
Einwendungen (Defenses)
Think like the opposing lawyer. What could they argue?
- Verjährung?
- Mitverschulden (§1304 ABGB)?
- Vertragsausschluss?
- Force majeure?
- Already fulfilled?
Beweislast (Burden of Proof)
State who must prove what:
- Default: Each party proves facts favorable to them
- Exception: §1298 ABGB — in contract breach, the breaching party must disprove fault
- Exception: §1296 ABGB — fault is presumed if a Schutzgesetz was violated
Verjährung
Calculate the limitation period. State:
- Which Frist applies and why
- When it started running (Kenntnis for §1489 ABGB)
- When it expires
- Status: 🟢 Offen / 🟡 Kritisch (< 3 months) / 🔴 Verjährt
Step 5: Identify Counterclaims
Think: What could the OTHER side claim against the user?
- Gegenrechte that could be set off (Aufrechnung §1438 ABGB)
- Counterclaims that could be filed (Widerklage)
- Zurückbehaltungsrecht (§1052 ABGB)
Step 6: Present Results
markdown# Anspruchsprüfung **Sachverhalt:** [2-3 sentence summary] **Ihre Position:** [role] **Rechtsgebiet(e):** [identified areas] ## Identifizierte Ansprüche ### Anspruch 1: [Name] — [§ Grundlage] | Element | Status | Begründung | |---------|--------|-----------| | [element 1] | ✅ | [fact that supports it] | | [element 2] | ❓ | [what's missing] | **Einwendungen des Gegners:** [what they could argue] **Beweislast:** [who proves what] **Verjährung:** [status with date] **Erfolgsaussicht:** 🟢 Hoch (70-90%) / 🟡 Mittel (40-70%) / 🔴 Gering (<40%) [Repeat for each claim] ## Gegenrechte des Gegners [Potential counterclaims] ## Priorisierte Empfehlung 1. [Best claim to pursue and why] 2. [Secondary claim] 3. [What to do first — Mahnschreiben? Beweissicherung? Sofort klagen?] ## ⚠️ Dringende Fristen [Any deadlines within 30 days — Besitzstörung, Kündigungsanfechtung, etc.] ## Quellenstatus | Kategorie | Status | Details | |-----------|--------|---------| | RIS MCP | 🟢 Verfügbar / 🔴 Nicht verfügbar | | | Gesetze | RIS_VERIFIED / UNVERIFIED | [n] Normen geprüft | | Judikatur | RIS_VERIFIED / UNVERIFIED | [n] Entscheidungen | | Prüfdatum | [YYYY-MM-DD] | | --- ⚠️ Keine Rechtsberatung. Von einem Rechtsanwalt bestätigen lassen.
