Big Model Inference
Use this sub-skill when an agent needs to load, inspect, partition, or troubleshoot models that may not fit in a single device's memory. It covers Accelerate's init_empty_weights, infer_auto_device_map, load_checkpoint_and_dispatch, dispatch_model, CPU/disk offload helpers, hook behavior, prepare_pippy, and model-size estimation concepts.
Route First
- For generic
accelerate launch,accelerate config, oraccelerate estimate-memoryCLI syntax, route to../configuration-and-cli/. - For DeepSpeed ZeRO-3 training/inference tradeoffs, route to
../distributed-training-backends/. - For normal
Accelerator.preparetraining loops, route to the training-oriented sub-skill instead of using big-model dispatch primitives.
Core References
- Read
references/workflows.mdfor safe workflows: meta-device construction, device-map planning, checkpoint dispatch, CPU/disk offload, distributed inference, and pipeline parallelism. - Read
references/api-reference.mdfor public APIs, key parameters, and import locations. - Read
references/troubleshooting.mdwhen device maps, offload folders, checkpoint indexes, meta tensors, split points, or optional model libraries fail. - Use
scripts/big_model_api_smoke.py --helpor run the script directly to verify tiny CPU/meta-device API availability without downloads.
Safety Defaults
- Prefer tiny synthetic
torch.nn.Modulemodels for inspection and examples. - Do not call
from_pretrained,snapshot_download, or heavyweight model examples unless the user explicitly wants network/model downloads. - Treat disk offload as requiring a real writable offload folder and clean it up after experiments.
- Never call
.to("cpu"),.cuda(), or a forward pass on a model still initialized onmeta; load or set real tensors first.


