Springboot Verification

Spring Boot 验证循环

在提交 PR 前、重大变更后以及部署前运行。

何时激活

• 为 Spring Boot 服务开启拉取请求之前
• 在重大重构或依赖项升级之后
• 用于暂存或生产环境的部署前验证
• 运行完整的构建 → 代码检查 → 测试 → 安全扫描流水线
• 验证测试覆盖率是否满足阈值

阶段 1：构建

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mvn -T 4 clean verify -DskipTests
# or
./gradlew clean assemble -x test

如果构建失败，停止并修复。

阶段 2：静态分析

Maven（常用插件）：

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mvn -T 4 spotbugs:check pmd:check checkstyle:check

Gradle（如果已配置）：

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./gradlew checkstyleMain pmdMain spotbugsMain

阶段 3：测试 + 覆盖率

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mvn -T 4 test
mvn jacoco:report   # verify 80%+ coverage
# or
./gradlew test jacocoTestReport

报告：

• 总测试数，通过/失败
• 覆盖率百分比（行/分支）

单元测试

使用模拟的依赖项来隔离测试服务逻辑：

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@ExtendWith(MockitoExtension.class)
class UserServiceTest {

  @Mock private UserRepository userRepository;
  @InjectMocks private UserService userService;

  @Test
  void createUser_validInput_returnsUser() {
    var dto = new CreateUserDto("Alice", "alice@example.com");
    var expected = new User(1L, "Alice", "alice@example.com");
    when(userRepository.save(any(User.class))).thenReturn(expected);

    var result = userService.create(dto);

    assertThat(result.name()).isEqualTo("Alice");
    verify(userRepository).save(any(User.class));
  }

  @Test
  void createUser_duplicateEmail_throwsException() {
    var dto = new CreateUserDto("Alice", "existing@example.com");
    when(userRepository.existsByEmail(dto.email())).thenReturn(true);

    assertThatThrownBy(() -> userService.create(dto))
        .isInstanceOf(DuplicateEmailException.class);
  }
}

使用 Testcontainers 进行集成测试

针对真实数据库（而非 H2）进行测试：

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@SpringBootTest
@Testcontainers
class UserRepositoryIntegrationTest {

  @Container
  static PostgreSQLContainer<?> postgres = new PostgreSQLContainer<>("postgres:16-alpine")
      .withDatabaseName("testdb");

  @DynamicPropertySource
  static void configureProperties(DynamicPropertyRegistry registry) {
    registry.add("spring.datasource.url", postgres::getJdbcUrl);
    registry.add("spring.datasource.username", postgres::getUsername);
    registry.add("spring.datasource.password", postgres::getPassword);
  }

  @Autowired private UserRepository userRepository;

  @Test
  void findByEmail_existingUser_returnsUser() {
    userRepository.save(new User("Alice", "alice@example.com"));

    var found = userRepository.findByEmail("alice@example.com");

    assertThat(found).isPresent();
    assertThat(found.get().getName()).isEqualTo("Alice");
  }
}

使用 MockMvc 进行 API 测试

在完整的 Spring 上下文中测试控制器层：

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@WebMvcTest(UserController.class)
class UserControllerTest {

  @Autowired private MockMvc mockMvc;
  @MockBean private UserService userService;

  @Test
  void createUser_validInput_returns201() throws Exception {
    var user = new UserDto(1L, "Alice", "alice@example.com");
    when(userService.create(any())).thenReturn(user);

    mockMvc.perform(post("/api/users")
            .contentType(MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON)
            .content("""
                {"name": "Alice", "email": "alice@example.com"}
                """))
        .andExpect(status().isCreated())
        .andExpect(jsonPath("$.name").value("Alice"));
  }

  @Test
  void createUser_invalidEmail_returns400() throws Exception {
    mockMvc.perform(post("/api/users")
            .contentType(MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON)
            .content("""
                {"name": "Alice", "email": "not-an-email"}
                """))
        .andExpect(status().isBadRequest());
  }
}

阶段 4：安全扫描

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# Dependency CVEs
mvn org.owasp:dependency-check-maven:check
# or
./gradlew dependencyCheckAnalyze

# Secrets in source
grep -rn "password\s*=\s*\"" src/ --include="*.java" --include="*.yml" --include="*.properties"
grep -rn "sk-\|api_key\|secret" src/ --include="*.java" --include="*.yml"

# Secrets (git history)
git secrets --scan  # if configured

常见安全发现

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# Check for System.out.println (use logger instead)
grep -rn "System\.out\.print" src/main/ --include="*.java"

# Check for raw exception messages in responses
grep -rn "e\.getMessage()" src/main/ --include="*.java"

# Check for wildcard CORS
grep -rn "allowedOrigins.*\*" src/main/ --include="*.java"

阶段 5：代码检查/格式化（可选关卡）

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mvn spotless:apply   # if using Spotless plugin
./gradlew spotlessApply

阶段 6：差异审查

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git diff --stat
git diff

检查清单：

• 没有遗留调试日志（System.out、log.debug 没有防护）
• 有意义的错误信息和 HTTP 状态码
• 在需要的地方有事务和验证
• 配置变更已记录

输出模板

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VERIFICATION REPORT
===================
Build:     [PASS/FAIL]
Static:    [PASS/FAIL] (spotbugs/pmd/checkstyle)
Tests:     [PASS/FAIL] (X/Y passed, Z% coverage)
Security:  [PASS/FAIL] (CVE findings: N)
Diff:      [X files changed]

Overall:   [READY / NOT READY]

Issues to Fix:
1. ...
2. ...

持续模式

• 在重大变更时或长时间会话中每 30–60 分钟重新运行各阶段
• 保持短循环：mvn -T 4 test + spotbugs 以获取快速反馈

记住：快速反馈胜过意外惊喜。保持关卡严格——将警告视为生产系统中的缺陷。